This is according to Protecht, suppliers of risk management software, which has analysed data from the Good Jobs First Violation Tracker.

Assessing 36,000 corporate fines issued between 2020 and 2024, housing associations were found to be the most often fined groups.

Only one company on the top 10 list, Clarity Products Ltd, was not a housing association.

Clarion Housing Group Limited was the most-fined, at 288 times by UK authorities.

Despite the high volume of offences, the 288 combined fines have cost Clarion Housing Group £169,000, with a relatively low average fine of £587.

London & Quadrant Group was the second most fined company, with 278, followed by Metropolitan Thames Valley with 206.

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Of the 241 industries analysed in the study, housing association companies had the highest number of fines at 978.

Despite the high volume of fines, housing associations ranked 88th for the combined cost of fines, due to low average fine figures.

“Corporate fines aren’t just a cost of doing business, they’re signals of systemic risk and governance breakdowns,” said Jared Siddle, vice president of risk and compliance at Protecht.

“Companies that fail to embed risk awareness and accountability at every level ultimately expose themselves to reputational, financial, and legal fallout.

“Effective risk management isn’t about box-ticking, it’s about building integrity into the core of business operations.”

Development Finance Today has contacted the housing associations named in this article for comment.

Clarion Housing Group declined to comment.